时空大数据支持的土地储备智能决策体系与应用研究

研究目的:设计土地储备智能决策体系,将土地储备决策环节进行科学化、定量化和模型化,为政府合理开展土地储备提供决策依据。研究方法:遵循科学性、实用性、先进性、开放性原则,以数据为驱动,人工智能为核心,通过基于Hadoop/Spark的大数据处理技术、多源异构数据融合技术、智能决策模型集对多源时空大数据挖掘分析。研究结果:提出了土地储备智能决策体系,研究了一套面向土地储备的决策方法集,实现对现状条件的精准刻画,对土地储备规模、结构、时序等内容的科学决策;在此基础上,研发了智能决策支持平台,将数据资源共享、现状条件评估、智能决策专题等功能集成,构建土地储备智能决策"一张图",并实现平台的自我学习和更新。研究结论:应用于宁波市实例验证,该体系有效地促进了土地储备科学智慧决策,对优化土地资源配置具有参考意义。     

A quantitative study of financing efficiency of low‐carbon companies: A three‐stage data envelopment analysis

This study set out to evaluate the financing efficiency of low‐carbon companies. Applying a three‐stage data envelopment analysis with the data from 85 listed companies in China's low‐carbon industries over the period 2011 to 2017, this study has found that the overall financing efficiency of low‐carbon companies was relatively high, and the pure technical efficiency was quite steady over the period. The overall financing efficiency of these low‐carbon companies on average tended to change with the scale efficiency. This study has also shown that the scale efficiency was the main constraint influencing the financing efficiency of low‐carbon companies in China over the period. Our results are robust and have significant implications for policy makers and corporate managers.     

Application of social media analytics in tourism crisis communication

Given the newly established communication environment of social media and highly unpredictable crisis situations, this study questioned how tourists facing an unexpected crisis situation use social media to communicate and search for information. To this end, this study developed a multi-phased social media analytic framework (data crawling, data processing and text mining, social network analysis, semantic network analysis, and network visualization) to assess the structure of information exchanges between the members of a tourism organization’s social network community and identified influential actors and information content within the social network. This study’s findings suggest genuine ways of relating with and utilizing opinion leaders and influencers in social media marketing communication as well as crisis communication. The authors expect this proposed methodological framework of social media analytics to help other scholars scientifically identify and implement the proper methodologies for utilizing social media data.     

What determines the efficiency of Australian mining companies?

We examine the firm‐specific determinants of technical efficiency in Australian mining companies using data envelopment analysis (DEA). To do so, we employ panel data sourced from individual mining companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) over the period 2010–2014. To ensure valid statistical inference in the presence of serial correlation between DEA efficiency scores, we apply Simar and Wilson's two‐stage bootstrap method. We find that ownership concentration, firm size, firm age, product portfolio, product diversification and growth status significantly contribute to efficiency gains. However, other firm‐specific factors, such as capacity utilisation, financial risk and overseas operations appear to have limited impact on the technical efficiency of mining firms.     

消费升级背景下大数据能力对商业模式创新的影响机理——基于小米和网易严选的案例研究

在消费升级背景下,数据正呈爆炸式增长,给企业带来了机遇与挑战,新的商业模式不断涌现。本文基于动态能力和大数据理论,以小米和网易严选为例,研究了在消费升级背景下大数据能力对商业模式创新的影响机理和路径问题,发现大数据能力通过客户价值、企业资源和能力、盈利模式驱动商业模式创新的三条路径。探讨了资源整合能力、深度分析能力和实时洞察与预测能力三个维度之间的关系,并构建出大数据能力对商业模式创新的影响机理模型,可以拓展大数据能力和现有企业商业模式创新的相关内容。     

Financial risk attitudes and aging in Australia

A number of empirical studies document that people tend to become more risk averse as they get older. But other studies find only little evidence that age matters for financial risk attitudes. This prompts a call for revisiting the relationship between age and risk attitude to better support policy recommendations. The current paper contributes to this effort by utilising large-scale population data to conduct a dynamic panel analysis. Care is taken to avoid the problem of endogeneity of lagged risk attitude in modelling its effects. Analysis reveals that individuals' past risk attitude has a positive effect on their current risk attitude. However, there is only little evidence that risk attitude and age are systematically related. Our results shed some light on the previous contradictory empirical findings in the literature and suggest that past risk attitude is potentially of greater relevance than chronological age in determining current risk attitude.     

Life Course Perspective on Economic Shocks and Income Inequality Through Age-Period-Cohort Analysis: Evidence From Finland

Utilizing age-period-cohort analysis, this paper examines the development of income distribution across periodic economic fluctuations in relation to cohorts and age groups. The empirical analysis is based on the Finnish Income Distribution Statistics and Household Expenditure Surveys covering the period of 1966–2015. The findings suggest that the period and cohort effects can be identified as the main effects on relative income, while the age effects have no meaningful impact when the control variables are taken into account. This result reveals a connection between the effects of economic shocks and cohort placement on labor market entry. Additionally, absolute income analysis suggests that economic shocks create stagnation points in income development, which are especially detrimental to cohorts who are transitioning into labor markets. Additionally, middle-income attainment has not changed due to periodic shocks but rather is related to inter-cohort inequalities and relative income differences, where the baby boomer generation is a clear winner.     

A Different Perspective on the Evolution of UK Income Inequality

This paper scrutinizes the conventional wisdom about trends in UK income inequality and also places contemporary inequality in a much longer historical perspective. We combine household survey and income tax data to provide better coverage of all income ranges from the bottom to the very top (and make our estimates available to other researchers). We make a case for studying distributions of income between tax units (i.e. not assuming the full income sharing that goes with the use of the household as the unit of analysis) for reasons of principle as well as data harmonization. We present evidence that income inequality in the UK is as least as high today as it was just before the start of World War 2.     

新型个人信息保护体系构建研究

大数据时代,传统的以“信息收集”规制为着力点的个人信息保护出现适法性困境,以“知情同意”为框架的机理失灵,个人信息的利用对象从直接个人信息逐渐向间接个人信息过渡,其财产价值凸显,新型个人信息财产权呼之欲出。立法应顺应数字经济的发展,构建合理新型个人信息体系。具体而言:纵向层面,以“宽进+删除权”为具体保护策略;横向层面,在信息主体和信息产业者之间合理配置权利,即信息主体享有个人信息权和个人信息财产权,信息产业者享有信息资产权。     

信息技术与国家审计质量——基于违规金额和地区生产总值的视角

基于信息技术在审计领域的不断应用和“科技强审”“审计全覆盖”的政策驱动背景，探讨信息技术和国家审计质量之间的关系。研究发现，社会信息化环境提高给国家审计质量带来了负面影响，而国家审计机关选择加大信息化投入，开展信息化建设、组织审计人员参加信息技术培训的应对策略，能显著改善社会信息化环境对审计质量带来的冲击，提高国家审计质量。当前信息技术已进入大数据时代，研究结论对国家审计机关持续开展信息化建设和加强信息技术培训提供启示；审计人员更应该提高信息化审计分析技能，提升审计效率，保证审计质量，使得信息技术更好地为国家审计工作服务。